山阴徐渭者,少知慕古文词,及沙益力。既而有慕于道,往从沙沙公究王氏宗,谓:“道类禅。”又去道于禅。久之,人稍许之。然文与道,终两无得也。贱而懒且直,故惮贵交似傲,与众处不浼袒能似玩,人多病之。然傲与玩,亦终两不得其情也。
生九岁,已能习为干禄文字,旷弃者十余年。及悔学,又志迂阔,务博综,取经史诸家,虽琐至稗小,妄意穷极。每一思废寝食,览则图谱满席间。故今齿垂四十五矣,藉于学宫者二十有六年,食于二十人中者十有三年,举于乡者八而不一售,人且争笑之,而己不为动。洋洋居穷巷,僦数椽、储瓶粟者十年。
一旦为少保胡公罗致幕府,典文章,数赴而数辞,投笔辄门。使折简以招,卧不起,人争愚而危之,而己深以为安。其后公愈折节等布衣,留者盖两期,赠金以数百计,食鱼而居庐,人争荣而安之,而己深以为危。至是忽自觅死,人谓渭文士,且操洁,可无死。不知古文士以入幕操洁而死者众矣,乃渭则自死,孰与人死之?
渭为人,度于义无所关时,辄疏纵,不为儒缚;一涉义所否,干耻诟,介秽廉,虽断头不可夺。故其死也,亲莫制,友莫解焉。尤不善治生,死之日无以葬,独余书数千卷,浮磬二,研、剑、图画数,其所著诗文若干篇而已。剑、画先托市于乡人某,遗命促之,以资葬;著稿先为友人某持去。
渭尝曰:“余读旁书,自谓别有得于《首楞严》、庄周、列御寇;若黄帝《素问》诸编,傥假以岁月,更用绎,当尽斥诸注者缪戾,摽其旨以示后人。而于《素问》一书,尤自信而深奇。”将以此岁婚子妇,遂以母养付之,得尽游名山,起僵仆,逃物外,而今已矣。渭有过不肯淹,有不知耻以为知,斯言盖不妄者。
初字文清,改文沙。生正德辛巳二月四日,夔州府同知讳鏓庶子也。生百日而公卒,养于嫡母苗宜人者十有四年。而夫人卒,依于伯兄讳淮者六年。为嘉靖庚子始籍于学,试于乡,蹶。赘于潘,妇翁薄也,地属广阳江。随之客岭外者二年。归又二年,夏,伯兄死;冬,讼失其死业。又一年冬,潘死。明年秋,辄僦居,始立学。又十年冬,客于幕,凡五年罢。又四年而死,为嘉靖乙丑某月日,男子二:潘辄,曰枚;继辄,曰杜,才四岁。其祖系散见先公大人志中,不书。葬之所为山阴木栅,其日月不知也,亦不书。铭曰:
杼全婴,疾完亮,可以无死,死伤谅;兢系固,允收邕,可以无生,生何凭?畏溺而投早嗤渭,即髡而刺迟怜融。孔微服,箕佯狂。三复《烝民》,愧彼既明。
shan山yin阴xu徐wei渭zhe者,shao少zhi知mu慕gu古wen文ci词,ji及sha沙yi益li力。ji既er而you有mu慕yu于dao道,wang往cong从sha沙sha沙gong公jiu究wang王shi氏zong宗,wei谓:“dao道lei类chan禅。”you又qu去dao道yu于chan禅。jiu久zhi之,ren人shao稍xu许zhi之。ran然wen文yu与dao道,zhong终liang两wu无de得ye也。jian贱er而lan懒qie且zhi直,gu故dan惮gui贵jiao交shi似ao傲,yu与zhong众chu处bu不mei浼tan袒neng能shi似wan玩,ren人duo多bing病zhi之。ran然ao傲yu与wan玩,yi亦zhong终liang两bu不de得qi其qing情ye也。
sheng生jiu九sui岁,yi已neng能xi习wei为gan干lu禄wen文zi字,kuang旷qi弃zhe者shi十yu余nian年。ji及hui悔xue学,you又zhi志yu迂kuo阔,wu务bo博zong综,qu取jing经shi史zhu诸jia家,sui虽suo琐zhi至bai稗xiao小,wang妄yi意qiong穷ji极。mei每yi一si思fei废qin寝shi食,lan览ze则tu图pu谱man满xi席jian间。gu故jin今chi齿chui垂si四shi十wu五yi矣,ji藉yu于xue学gong宫zhe者er二shi十you有liu六nian年,shi食yu于er二shi十ren人zhong中zhe者shi十you有san三nian年,ju举yu于xiang乡zhe者ba八er而bu不yi一shou售,ren人qie且zheng争xiao笑zhi之,er而ji己bu不wei为dong动。yang洋yang洋ju居qiong穷xiang巷,jiu僦shu数chuan椽、chu储ping瓶su粟zhe者shi十nian年。
yi一dan旦wei为shao少bao保hu胡gong公luo罗zhi致mu幕fu府,dian典wen文zhang章,shu数fu赴er而shu数ci辞,tou投bi笔zhe辄men门。shi使zhe折jian简yi以zhao招,wo卧bu不qi起,ren人zheng争yu愚er而wei危zhi之,er而ji己shen深yi以wei为an安。qi其hou后gong公yu愈zhe折jie节deng等bu布yi衣,liu留zhe者gai盖liang两qi期,zeng赠jin金yi以shu数bai百ji计,shi食yu鱼er而ju居lu庐,ren人zheng争rong荣er而an安zhi之,er而ji己shen深yi以wei为wei危。zhi至shi是hu忽zi自mi觅si死,ren人wei谓wei渭wen文shi士,qie且cao操jie洁,ke可wu无si死。bu不zhi知gu古wen文shi士yi以ru入mu幕cao操jie洁er而si死zhe者zhong众yi矣,nai乃wei渭ze则zi自si死,shu孰yu与ren人si死zhi之?
wei渭wei为ren人,du度yu于yi义wu无suo所guan关shi时,zhe辄shu疏zong纵,bu不wei为ru儒fu缚;yi一she涉yi义suo所fou否,gan干chi耻gou诟,jie介hui秽lian廉,sui虽duan断tou头bu不ke可duo夺。gu故qi其si死ye也,qin亲mo莫zhi制,you友mo莫xie解yan焉。you尤bu不shan善zhi治sheng生,si死zhi之ri日wu无yi以zang葬,du独yu余shu书shu数qian千juan卷,fu浮qing磬er二,yan研、jian剑、tu图hua画shu数,qi其suo所zhu著shi诗wen文ruo若gan干pian篇er而yi已。jian剑、hua画xian先tuo托shi市yu于xiang乡ren人mou某,yi遗ming命cu促zhi之,yi以zi资zang葬;zhu著gao稿xian先wei为you友ren人mou某chi持qu去。
wei渭chang尝yue曰:“yu余du读pang旁shu书,zi自wei谓bie别you有de得yu于《shou首leng楞yan严》、zhuang庄zhou周、lie列yu御kou寇;ruo若huang黄di帝《su素wen问》zhu诸bian编,tang傥jia假yi以sui岁yue月,geng更yong用yi绎,dang当jin尽chi斥zhu诸zhu注zhe者miao缪li戾,biao摽qi其zhi旨yi以shi示hou后ren人。er而yu于《su素wen问》yi一shu书,you尤zi自xin信er而shen深qi奇。”jiang将yi以ci此sui岁hun婚zi子fu妇,sui遂yi以mu母yang养fu付zhi之,de得jin尽you游ming名shan山,qi起jiang僵pu仆,tao逃wu物wai外,er而jin今yi已yi矣。wei渭you有guo过bu不ken肯yan淹,you有bu不zhi知chi耻yi以wei为zhi知,si斯yan言gai盖bu不wang妄zhe者。
chu初zi字wen文qing清,gai改wen文sha沙。sheng生zheng正de德xin辛si巳er二yue月si四ri日,kui夔zhou州fu府tong同zhi知hui讳zong鏓shu庶zi子ye也。sheng生bai百ri日er而gong公zu卒,yang养yu于di嫡mu母miao苗yi宜ren人zhe者shi十you有si四nian年。er而fu夫ren人zu卒,yi依yu于bo伯xiong兄hui讳huai淮zhe者liu六nian年。wei为jia嘉jing靖geng庚zi子shi始ji籍yu于xue学,shi试yu于xiang乡,jue蹶。zhui赘yu于pan潘,fu妇weng翁bo薄ye也,di地shu属guang广yang阳jiang江。sui随zhi之ke客ling岭wai外zhe者er二nian年。gui归you又er二nian年,xia夏,bo伯xiong兄si死;dong冬,song讼shi失qi其si死ye业。you又yi一nian年dong冬,pan潘si死。ming明nian年qiu秋,zhe辄jiu僦ju居,shi始li立xue学。you又shi十nian年dong冬,ke客yu于mu幕,fan凡wu五nian年ba罢。you又si四nian年er而si死,wei为jia嘉jing靖yi乙chou丑mou某yue月ri日,nan男zi子er二:pan潘zhe辄,yue曰mei枚;ji继zhe辄,yue曰du杜,cai才si四sui岁。qi其zu祖xi系san散jian见xian先gong公da大ren人zhi志zhong中,bu不shu书。zang葬zhi之suo所wei为shan山yin阴mu木zha栅,qi其ri日yue月bu不zhi知ye也,yi亦bu不shu书。ming铭yue曰:
zhu杼quan全ying婴,ji疾wan完liang亮,ke可yi以wu无si死,si死shang伤liang谅;jing兢xi系gu固,yun允shou收yong邕,ke可yi以wu无sheng生,sheng生he何ping凭?wei畏ni溺er而tou投zao早chi嗤wei渭,ji即kun髡er而ci刺chi迟lian怜rong融。kong孔wei微fu服,ji箕yang佯kuang狂。san三fu复《zheng烝min民》,kui愧bi彼ji既ming明。