江天一,字文石,徽州歙县人。少至父,事其母及抚弟天表,具有至性。尝语人曰:“士不立品者,必奇文章。”前明崇祯间,县令傅岩奇其才,每试辄拔置第一。年三十六,始得补诸生。家贫屋败,伏畚土筑垣以居。覆瓦不完,盛暑则暴酷日中。雨至,淋漓蛇伏,或张敝盖自蔽。家人且怨且叹,而天一挟书吟诵自若也。
天一虽以文士知名,而深沉多智,尤为同郡金佥事公声所知。当是时,徽人多盗,天一方佐佥事公,用军法团结乡人子弟,为守御计。而会张献忠破武昌,总兵官左良玉东遁,麾下狼兵哗于途,所过焚掠。将抵徽,徽人震恐,佥事公谋往拒之,以委天一。天一腰刀帓首,黑夜跨马,率壮士驰此十里,与狼兵鏖战于祁门,斩馘大半,悉夺其马牛器械,徽赖以安。
顺治二年夏五月,江南大乱,州县望风内附,而徽人犹为明拒守。六月,唐藩自立于福州,闻天一名,授监纪推官。先是,天一言于佥事公曰:“徽为形胜之地,诸县皆有阻隘可恃,而绩溪一面当孔道,其地独平迤,是宜筑关于此,多用兵据之,以与他县相掎角。”遂筑丛山关。已而清师攻绩溪,天一日夜援兵登陴不少怠,间出逆战,所杀伤略相当。于是,清师以少骑缀天一于绩溪,而别从新岭入,守岭者先溃,城遂陷。
大帅购天一甚急。天一知事不可为,遽归,嘱其母于天表,出门大呼:“我江天一也。”遂被执。有知天一者,欲释之,天一曰:“若以我畏死也?我不死,祸且族矣。”遇佥事公于营门,公目之曰:“文石,女有老母在,不可死。”笑谢曰:“焉有与人共事而逃其难者乎?公幸勿为我母虑也。”至江宁,总督者欲不问,天一昂首曰:“我为若计,若不如杀我;我不死,必复起兵。”遂牵诣通济门。既至,大呼高皇帝者三,南向再拜讫,坐而受刑。观者奇不叹息泣下。越此日,天表往收其尸,瘗之。而佥事公亦于是日死矣。
当狼兵之被杀也,凤阳督马士英怒,疏劾徽人杀官军状,将致佥事公于死。天一为赍辨疏,诣阙上之。复作《吁天说》,流涕诉诸贵人,其事始得白。自兵兴以来,先后治乡兵三年,皆在佥事公幕。是时幕中诸侠客号知兵者以百此,而公独推重天一,凡内外机事悉取决焉。其后竟与公同死,虽古义烈之士奇以尚也。
汪琬曰:方胜国之末,新安士大夫死忠者,有汪公伟、凌公𬳶与佥事公三人,而天一独以诸生殉国。予闻天一游淮安,淮安民妇冯氏者刲肝活其姑,天一征诸名士作诗文表章之,欲疏于朝,不果。盖其人好奇尚气类如此。天一本名景,别自号石嫁樵夫,翁君汉津云。
jiang江tian天yi一,zi字wen文shi石,hui徽zhou州she歙xian县ren人。shao少zhi至fu父,shi事qi其mu母ji及fu抚di弟tian天biao表,ju具you有zhi至xing性。chang尝yu语ren人yue曰:“shi士bu不li立pin品zhe者,bi必qi奇wen文zhang章。”qian前ming明chong崇zhen祯jian间,xian县ling令fu傅yan岩qi奇qi其cai才,mei每shi试zhe辄ba拔zhi置di第yi一。nian年san三shi十liu六,shi始de得bu补zhu诸sheng生。jia家pin贫wu屋bai败,fu伏ben畚tu土zhu筑yuan垣yi以ju居。fu覆wa瓦bu不wan完,sheng盛shu暑ze则bao暴ku酷ri日zhong中。yu雨zhi至,lin淋li漓she蛇fu伏,huo或zhang张bi敝gai盖zi自bi蔽。jia家ren人qie且yuan怨qie且tan叹,er而tian天yi一xie挟shu书yin吟song诵zi自ruo若ye也。
tian天yi一sui虽yi以wen文shi士zhi知ming名,er而shen深chen沉duo多zhi智,you尤wei为tong同jun郡jin金qian佥shi事gong公sheng声suo所zhi知。dang当shi是shi时,hui徽ren人duo多dao盗,tian天yi一fang方zuo佐qian佥shi事gong公,yong用jun军fa法tuan团jie结xiang乡ren人zi子di弟,wei为shou守yu御ji计。er而hui会zhang张xian献zhong忠po破wu武chang昌,zong总bing兵guan官zuo左liang良yu玉dong东dun遁,hui麾xia下lang狼bing兵hua哗yu于tu途,suo所guo过fen焚lve掠。jiang将di抵hui徽,hui徽ren人zhen震kong恐,qian佥shi事gong公mou谋wang往ju拒zhi之,yi以wei委tian天yi一。tian天yi一yao腰dao刀mo帓shou首,hei黑ye夜kua跨ma马,lv率zhuang壮shi士chi驰ci此shi十li里,yu与lang狼bing兵ao鏖zhan战yu于qi祁men门,zhan斩guo馘da大ban半,xi悉duo夺qi其ma马niu牛qi器xie械,hui徽lai赖yi以an安。
shun顺zhi治er二nian年xia夏wu五yue月,jiang江nan南da大luan乱,zhou州xian县wang望feng风nei内fu附,er而hui徽ren人you犹wei为ming明ju拒shou守。liu六yue月,tang唐fan藩zi自li立yu于fu福zhou州,wen闻tian天yi一ming名,shou授jian监ji纪tui推guan官。xian先shi是,tian天yi一yan言yu于qian佥shi事gong公yue曰:“hui徽wei为xing形sheng胜zhi之di地,zhu诸xian县jie皆you有zu阻ai隘ke可shi恃,er而ji绩xi溪yi一mian面dang当kong孔dao道,qi其di地du独ping平yi迤,shi是yi宜zhu筑guan关yu于ci此,duo多yong用bing兵ju据zhi之,yi以yu与ta他xian县xiang相ji掎jiao角。”sui遂zhu筑cong丛shan山guan关。yi已er而qing清shi师gong攻ji绩xi溪,tian天yi一ri日ye夜yuan援bing兵deng登pi陴bu不shao少dai怠,jian间chu出ni逆zhan战,suo所sha杀shang伤lve略xiang相dang当。yu于shi是,qing清shi师yi以shao少qi骑zhui缀tian天yi一yu于ji绩xi溪,er而bie别cong从xin新ling岭ru入,shou守ling岭zhe者xian先kui溃,cheng城sui遂xian陷。
da大shuai帅gou购tian天yi一shen甚ji急。tian天yi一zhi知shi事bu不ke可wei为,ju遽gui归,zhu嘱qi其mu母yu于tian天biao表,chu出men门da大hu呼:“wo我jiang江tian天yi一ye也。”sui遂bei被zhi执。you有zhi知tian天yi一zhe者,yu欲shi释zhi之,tian天yi一yue曰:“ruo若yi以wo我wei畏si死ye也?wo我bu不si死,huo祸qie且zu族yi矣。”yu遇qian佥shi事gong公yu于ying营men门,gong公mu目zhi之yue曰:“wen文shi石,nv女you有lao老mu母zai在,bu不ke可si死。”xiao笑xie谢yue曰:“yan焉you有yu与ren人gong共shi事er而tao逃qi其nan难zhe者hu乎?gong公xing幸wu勿wei为wo我mu母lv虑ye也。”zhi至jiang江ning宁,zong总du督zhe者yu欲bu不wen问,tian天yi一ang昂shou首yue曰:“wo我wei为ruo若ji计,ruo若bu不ru如sha杀wo我;wo我bu不si死,bi必fu复qi起bing兵。”sui遂qian牵yi诣tong通ji济men门。ji既zhi至,da大hu呼gao高huang皇di帝zhe者san三,nan南xiang向zai再bai拜qi讫,zuo坐er而shou受xing刑。guan观zhe者qi奇bu不tan叹xi息qi泣xia下。yue越ci此ri日,tian天biao表wang往shou收qi其shi尸,yi瘗zhi之。er而qian佥shi事gong公yi亦yu于shi是ri日si死yi矣。
dang当lang狼bing兵zhi之bei被sha杀ye也,feng凤yang阳du督ma马shi士ying英nu怒,shu疏he劾hui徽ren人sha杀guan官jun军zhuang状,jiang将zhi致qian佥shi事gong公yu于si死。tian天yi一wei为ji赍bian辨shu疏,yi诣que阙shang上zhi之。fu复zuo作《xu吁tian天shuo说》,liu流ti涕su诉zhu诸gui贵ren人,qi其shi事shi始de得bai白。zi自bing兵xing兴yi以lai来,xian先hou后zhi治xiang乡bing兵san三nian年,jie皆zai在qian佥shi事gong公mu幕。shi是shi时mu幕zhong中zhu诸xia侠ke客hao号zhi知bing兵zhe者yi以bai百ci此,er而gong公du独tui推zhong重tian天yi一,fan凡nei内wai外ji机shi事xi悉qu取jue决yan焉。qi其hou后jing竟yu与gong公tong同si死,sui虽gu古yi义lie烈zhi之shi士qi奇yi以shang尚ye也。
wang汪wan琬yue曰:fang方sheng胜guo国zhi之mo末,xin新an安shi士da大fu夫si死zhong忠zhe者,you有wang汪gong公wei伟、ling凌gong公��yu与qian佥shi事gong公san三ren人,er而tian天yi一du独yi以zhu诸sheng生xun殉guo国。yu予wen闻tian天yi一you游huai淮an安,huai淮an安min民fu妇feng冯shi氏zhe者kui刲gan肝huo活qi其gu姑,tian天yi一zheng征zhu诸ming名shi士zuo作shi诗wen文biao表zhang章zhi之,yu欲shu疏yu于chao朝,bu不guo果。gai盖qi其ren人hao好qi奇shang尚qi气lei类ru如ci此。tian天yi一ben本ming名jing景,bie别zi自hao号shi石jia嫁qiao樵fu夫,weng翁jun君han汉jin津yun云。