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湘西故有藏室,背陵而面壑,土茂而泉洁。为士子肄业之地。始,开宝中郡守朱洞首度基创置。以待四方学者。历四十有一载,居益加葺,生益加多。李允则来为州,请于朝,乞以书藏。方是时,山长周式以行义著。祥符八年,召见便殿,拜国子学主簿,使归教授,诏以岳麓书院名,增赐中秘书,于是书院之称始闻天下,鼓笥登堂者相继不绝。自绍兴辛亥更兵革灰烬,什一仅存,间有留意,则不过袭陋仍弊,而又重以撤废,鞠为荒榛,过者叹息。乾道改元,建安刘侯下车,既剔蠡夷奸,民俗安静,则葺学校,访儒雅,思有以振起,湘人士合辞以书院请。侯竦然曰“是故章圣皇帝加惠一方,本劝励长养以风天下者亦可废乎?”乃命郡教授婺源郭颖董其事,鸠废材,用余力,未卒岁而屋成。为屋五十楹,大抵悉还旧规,肖阙里先圣像于殿中,列绘七十子,而加藏书于堂之北。既成,栻促多士往观焉,为爱其山川之胜,栋宇之安,徘徊不忍去,以为会友讲习,诚莫此地宜也。已而与多士言曰:“侯之为是举也,岂特使子群居佚谈,但为决科利禄计乎?亦岂使子习为言语文辞之工而已乎?盖欲成就人才,以传道而济斯民也。”惟民之生,厥有常性,而不能以自达,故有赖圣贤者也。三代导人,教学为本,人伦明、小民亲;而王道成。夫子在当时虽不得施用,而兼爱万世,实开无穷之传。果何欤?曰:仁也,仁、人心也,率性立命,位天地而宰万物者也。今夫目视而耳听,手持而足行,以至于饮食起居言动之际,谓道而有外乎?是乌可乎?虽然,天理人欲,同行异情,毫厘之差,霄壤之谬,此所以求仁之难,必贵于学以明之与。善乎!孟氏之发仁深切也。齐宣王见一牛之觳觫而不忍,则教之曰:“是心足以王矣。”古之人所以大过人者,善推其所为而已矣。论尧舜之道,本于孝弟,则欲其体夫徐行疾行之间,指乍见孺子匍匍将入井之时,则曰:侧隐之心,仁之端也,于此焉求之,则不差矣。尝试察吾事亲从兄,应物处事,是端也,其或发见亦知其所以然乎?苟能默识而存之,扩充而达之,生生之妙,油然于中,则仁之大体,岂不可得乎?及其至也,与天地合德,鬼神同用,悠久无穷,而其初则不远也。是乃圣贤所传之要,从事于兹,终身而后已可也。虽若闲居屏处,庸何损于我,得时行道,事业满天下,而亦何加于我,岂特为不负侯作新斯宇之意哉!既侯属栻为记,遂书斯言,以厉同志,俾毋忘侯之德,抑又以自励云尔。
xiang湘xi西gu故you有cang藏shi室,bei背ling陵er而mian面he壑,tu土mao茂er而quan泉jie洁。wei为shi士zi子yi肄ye业zhi之di地。shi始,kai开bao宝zhong中jun郡shou守zhu朱dong洞shou首du度ji基chuang创zhi置。yi以dai待si四fang方xue学zhe者。li历si四shi十you有yi一zai载,ju居yi益jia加qi葺,sheng生yi益jia加duo多。li李yun允ze则lai来wei为zhou州,qing请yu于chao朝,qi乞yi以shu书cang藏。fang方shi是shi时,shan山chang长zhou周shi式yi以xing行yi义zhu著。xiang祥fu符ba八nian年,zhao召jian见bian便dian殿,bai拜guo国zi子xue学zhu主bu簿,shi使gui归jiao教shou授,zhao诏yi以yue岳lu麓shu书yuan院ming名,zeng增ci赐zhong中mi秘shu书,yu于shi是shu书yuan院zhi之cheng称shi始wen闻tian天xia下,gu鼓si笥deng登tang堂zhe者xiang相ji继bu不jue绝。zi自shao绍xing兴xin辛hai亥geng更bing兵ge革hui灰jin烬,shen什yi一jin仅cun存,jian间you有liu留yi意,ze则bu不guo过xi袭lou陋reng仍bi弊,er而you又zhong重yi以che撤fei废,ju鞠wei为huang荒zhen榛,guo过zhe者tan叹xi息。qian乾dao道gai改yuan元,jian建an安liu刘hou侯xia下che车,ji既ti剔li蠡yi夷jian奸,min民su俗an安jing静,ze则qi葺xue学xiao校,fang访ru儒ya雅,si思you有yi以zhen振qi起,xiang湘ren人shi士he合ci辞yi以shu书yuan院qing请。hou侯song竦ran然yue曰“shi是gu故zhang章sheng圣huang皇di帝jia加hui惠yi一fang方,ben本quan劝li励chang长yang养yi以feng风tian天xia下zhe者yi亦ke可fei废hu乎?”nai乃ming命jun郡jiao教shou授wu婺yuan源guo郭ying颖dong董qi其shi事,jiu鸠fei废cai材,yong用yu余li力,wei未zu卒sui岁er而wu屋cheng成。wei为wu屋wu五shi十ying楹,da大di抵xi悉hai还jiu旧gui规,xiao肖que阙li里xian先sheng圣xiang像yu于dian殿zhong中,lie列hui绘qi七shi十zi子,er而jia加cang藏shu书yu于tang堂zhi之bei北。ji既cheng成,shi栻cu促duo多shi士wang往guan观yan焉,wei为ai爱qi其shan山chuan川zhi之sheng胜,dong栋yu宇zhi之an安,pai徘huai徊bu不ren忍qu去,yi以wei为hui会you友jiang讲xi习,cheng诚mo莫ci此di地yi宜ye也。yi已er而yu与duo多shi士yan言yue曰:“hou侯zhi之wei为shi是ju举ye也,qi岂te特shi使zi子qun群ju居yi佚tan谈,dan但wei为jue决ke科li利lu禄ji计hu乎?yi亦qi岂shi使zi子xi习wei为yan言yu语wen文ci辞zhi之gong工er而yi已hu乎?gai盖yu欲cheng成jiu就ren人cai才,yi以chuan传dao道er而ji济si斯min民ye也。”wei惟min民zhi之sheng生,jue厥you有chang常xing性,er而bu不neng能yi以zi自da达,gu故you有lai赖sheng圣xian贤zhe者ye也。san三dai代dao导ren人,jiao教xue学wei为ben本,ren人lun伦ming明、xiao小min民qin亲;er而wang王dao道cheng成。fu夫zi子zai在dang当shi时sui虽bu不de得shi施yong用,er而jian兼ai爱wan万shi世,shi实kai开wu无qiong穷zhi之chuan传。guo果he何yu欤?yue曰:ren仁ye也,ren仁、ren人xin心ye也,lv率xing性li立ming命,wei位tian天di地er而zai宰wan万wu物zhe者ye也。jin今fu夫mu目shi视er而er耳ting听,shou手chi持er而zu足xing行,yi以zhi至yu于yin饮shi食qi起ju居yan言dong动zhi之ji际,wei谓dao道er而you有wai外hu乎?shi是wu乌ke可hu乎?sui虽ran然,tian天li理ren人yu欲,tong同xing行yi异qing情,hao毫li厘zhi之cha差,xiao霄rang壤zhi之miu谬,ci此suo所yi以qiu求ren仁zhi之nan难,bi必gui贵yu于xue学yi以ming明zhi之yu与。shan善hu乎!meng孟shi氏zhi之fa发ren仁shen深qie切ye也。qi齐xuan宣wang王jian见yi一niu牛zhi之hu觳su觫er而bu不ren忍,ze则jiao教zhi之yue曰:“shi是xin心zu足yi以wang王yi矣。”gu古zhi之ren人suo所yi以da大guo过ren人zhe者,shan善tui推qi其suo所wei为er而yi已yi矣。lun论yao尧shun舜zhi之dao道,ben本yu于xiao孝di弟,ze则yu欲qi其ti体fu夫xu徐xing行ji疾xing行zhi之jian间,zhi指zha乍jian见ru孺zi子pu匍pu匍jiang将ru入jing井zhi之shi时,ze则yue曰:ce侧yin隐zhi之xin心,ren仁zhi之duan端ye也,yu于ci此yan焉qiu求zhi之,ze则bu不cha差yi矣。chang尝shi试cha察wu吾shi事qin亲cong从xiong兄,ying应wu物chu处shi事,shi是duan端ye也,qi其huo或fa发jian见yi亦zhi知qi其suo所yi以ran然hu乎?gou苟neng能mo默shi识er而cun存zhi之,kuo扩chong充er而da达zhi之,sheng生sheng生zhi之miao妙,you油ran然yu于zhong中,ze则ren仁zhi之da大ti体,qi岂bu不ke可de得hu乎?ji及qi其zhi至ye也,yu与tian天di地he合de德,gui鬼shen神tong同yong用,you悠jiu久wu无qiong穷,er而qi其chu初ze则bu不yuan远ye也。shi是nai乃sheng圣xian贤suo所chuan传zhi之yao要,cong从shi事yu于zi兹,zhong终shen身er而hou后yi已ke可ye也。sui虽ruo若xian闲ju居ping屏chu处,yong庸he何sun损yu于wo我,de得shi时xing行dao道,shi事ye业man满tian天xia下,er而yi亦he何jia加yu于wo我,qi岂te特wei为bu不fu负hou侯zuo作xin新si斯yu宇zhi之yi意zai哉!ji既hou侯shu属shi栻wei为ji记,sui遂shu书si斯yan言,yi以li厉tong同zhi志,bi俾wu毋wang忘hou侯zhi之de德,yi抑you又yi以zi自li励yun云er尔。
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· 发布于 2026-10-19