叙曰:余读诗至杜子美,而知大小之有所总萃焉。始尧舜时,君臣以赓歌相和,是后,诗人继作,历夏、殷、周千馀年,仲尼缉合选练,取其干预教化之尤者三百,其馀无闻焉。骚人作而怨愤之态繁,然犹去风雅日近,尚相比拟。秦、汉已还,采诗之官既废,天下妖谣民讴、歌颂讽赋、曲度嬉戏之词,亦随时间作。逮至汉武帝赋《柏梁》,而七言之体具。苏子卿、李少卿之徒,尤工为五言。虽句读文律各异,雅郑之音亦杂,而词意简远,指事言情,自非有为而为,则文不妄作。建安之后,天下文士遭罹兵战。曹氏父子鞍马间为文,往往横槊赋诗,故其遒壮抑扬怨哀悲离之作,尤极于古。晋世风概稍存。宋、齐之间,教失根本,士以简慢歙习舒徐相尚,文章以风容色泽放旷精清为高。盖吟写性灵,流连光景之文也,意义格力无取焉。陵迟至于梁、陈,淫艳刻饰、佻巧小碎之词剧,又宋、齐之所不取也。
唐兴,官学大振。历世之文,能者互出。而又沈、宋之流,研练精切,稳顺声势,谓之为律诗。由是而后,文变之体极焉。然而莫不好古者遗近,务华者去实;效齐、梁则不逮于魏、晋,工乐府则力屈于五言;律切则骨格不存,闲暇则纤浓莫备。至于子美,盖所谓上薄风骚,下该沈宋,古傍苏李,气夺曹刘,掩颜谢之孤高,杂徐庾之流丽,尽得古今之体势,而兼人人之所独专矣。使仲尼考锻其旨要,尚不知贵其多乎哉。苟以为能所不能,无可不可,则诗人以来,未有如子美者。
时山东人李白,亦以奇文取称,时人谓之“李杜”。余观其壮浪纵恣,摆去拘束,模写物象,及乐府歌诗,诚亦差肩于子美矣。至若铺陈终始,排比声韵,大或千言,次犹数百,词气豪迈而风调清深,属对律切而脱弃凡近,则李尚不能历其藩翰,况堂奥乎!
予尝欲条析其文,体别相附,与来者为之准,特病懒未就。适遇子美之孙嗣业启子美之柩,襄祔事于偃师。途次于荆,雅知余爱言其大父为文,拜余为志。辞不可绝,余因系其官阀而铭其卒葬云。
系曰:昔当阳成侯姓杜氏,下十世而生依艺,令于巩。依艺生审言,审言善诗,官至膳部员外郎。审言生闲,闲生甫;闲为奉天令。甫字子美,天宝中献三大礼赋,明皇奇之,命宰相试文,文善,授右卫率府胄曹。属京师乱,步谒行在,拜左拾遗。岁馀,以直言失,出为华州司功,寻迁京兆事。旋又弃去。扁舟下荆、楚间,竟以寓卒,旅殡岳阳,享年五十九。夫人弘农杨氏女,父曰司农少卿怡,四十九年而终。嗣子曰宗武,病不克葬,殁,命其子嗣业。嗣业贫,无以给丧,收拾乞丐,焦劳昼夜,去子美殁后馀四十年,然后卒先人之志,亦足为难矣。
铭曰:维元和之癸巳,粤某月某日之佳辰,合窆我杜子美于首阳之前山。呜呼!千载而下,曰此文先生之古坟。
xu叙yue曰:yu余du读shi诗zhi至du杜zi子mei美,er而zhi知da大xiao小zhi之you有suo所zong总cui萃yan焉。shi始yao尧shun舜shi时,jun君chen臣yi以geng赓ge歌xiang相he和,shi是hou后,shi诗ren人ji继zuo作,li历xia夏、yin殷、zhou周qian千yu馀nian年,zhong仲ni尼ji缉he合xuan选lian练,qu取qi其gan干yu预jiao教hua化zhi之you尤zhe者san三bai百,qi其yu馀wu无wen闻yan焉。sao骚ren人zuo作er而yuan怨fen愤zhi之tai态fan繁,ran然you犹qu去feng风ya雅ri日jin近,shang尚xiang相bi比ni拟。qin秦、han汉yi已hai还,cai采shi诗zhi之guan官ji既fei废,tian天xia下yao妖yao谣min民ou讴、ge歌song颂feng讽fu赋、qu曲du度xi嬉xi戏zhi之ci词,yi亦sui随shi时jian间zuo作。dai逮zhi至han汉wu武di帝fu赋《bo柏liang梁》,er而qi七yan言zhi之ti体ju具。su苏zi子qing卿、li李shao少qing卿zhi之tu徒,you尤gong工wei为wu五yan言。sui虽ju句du读wen文lv律ge各yi异,ya雅zheng郑zhi之yin音yi亦za杂,er而ci词yi意jian简yuan远,zhi指shi事yan言qing情,zi自fei非you有wei为er而wei为,ze则wen文bu不wang妄zuo作。jian建an安zhi之hou后,tian天xia下wen文shi士zao遭li罹bing兵zhan战。cao曹shi氏fu父zi子an鞍ma马jian间wei为wen文,wang往wang往heng横shuo槊fu赋shi诗,gu故qi其qiu遒zhuang壮yi抑yang扬yuan怨ai哀bei悲li离zhi之zuo作,you尤ji极yu于gu古。jin晋shi世feng风gai概shao稍cun存。song宋、qi齐zhi之jian间,jiao教shi失gen根ben本,shi士yi以jian简man慢she歙xi习shu舒xu徐xiang相shang尚,wen文zhang章yi以feng风rong容se色ze泽fang放kuang旷jing精qing清wei为gao高。gai盖yin吟xie写xing性ling灵,liu流lian连guang光jing景zhi之wen文ye也,yi意yi义ge格li力wu无qu取yan焉。ling陵chi迟zhi至yu于liang梁、chen陈,yin淫yan艳ke刻shi饰、tiao佻qiao巧xiao小sui碎zhi之ci词ju剧,you又song宋、qi齐zhi之suo所bu不qu取ye也。
tang唐xing兴,guan官xue学da大zhen振。li历shi世zhi之wen文,neng能zhe者hu互chu出。er而you又shen沈、song宋zhi之liu流,yan研lian练jing精qie切,wen稳shun顺sheng声shi势,wei谓zhi之wei为lv律shi诗。you由shi是er而hou后,wen文bian变zhi之ti体ji极yan焉。ran然er而mo莫bu不hao好gu古zhe者yi遗jin近,wu务hua华zhe者qu去shi实;xiao效qi齐、liang梁ze则bu不dai逮yu于wei魏、jin晋,gong工le乐fu府ze则li力qu屈yu于wu五yan言;lv律qie切ze则gu骨ge格bu不cun存,xian闲xia暇ze则xian纤nong浓mo莫bei备。zhi至yu于zi子mei美,gai盖suo所wei谓shang上bo薄feng风sao骚,xia下gai该shen沈song宋,gu古bang傍su苏li李,qi气duo夺cao曹liu刘,yan掩yan颜xie谢zhi之gu孤gao高,za杂xu徐yu庾zhi之liu流li丽,jin尽de得gu古jin今zhi之ti体shi势,er而jian兼ren人ren人zhi之suo所du独zhuan专yi矣。shi使zhong仲ni尼kao考duan锻qi其zhi旨yao要,shang尚bu不zhi知gui贵qi其duo多hu乎zai哉。gou苟yi以wei为neng能suo所bu不neng能,wu无ke可bu不ke可,ze则shi诗ren人yi以lai来,wei未you有ru如zi子mei美zhe者。
shi时shan山dong东ren人li李bai白,yi亦yi以qi奇wen文qu取cheng称,shi时ren人wei谓zhi之“li李du杜”。yu余guan观qi其zhuang壮lang浪zong纵zi恣,bai摆qu去ju拘shu束,mo模xie写wu物xiang象,ji及le乐fu府ge歌shi诗,cheng诚yi亦cha差jian肩yu于zi子mei美yi矣。zhi至ruo若pu铺chen陈zhong终shi始,pai排bi比sheng声yun韵,da大huo或qian千yan言,ci次you犹shu数bai百,ci词qi气hao豪mai迈er而feng风diao调qing清shen深,shu属dui对lv律qie切er而tuo脱qi弃fan凡jin近,ze则li李shang尚bu不neng能li历qi其fan藩han翰,kuang况tang堂ao奥hu乎!
yu予chang尝yu欲tiao条xi析qi其wen文,ti体bie别xiang相fu附,yu与lai来zhe者wei为zhi之zhun准,te特bing病lan懒wei未jiu就。shi适yu遇zi子mei美zhi之sun孙si嗣ye业qi启zi子mei美zhi之jiu柩,xiang襄fu祔shi事yu于yan偃shi师。tu途ci次yu于jing荆,ya雅zhi知yu余ai爱yan言qi其da大fu父wei为wen文,bai拜yu余wei为zhi志。ci辞bu不ke可jue绝,yu余yin因xi系qi其guan官fa阀er而ming铭qi其zu卒zang葬yun云。
xi系yue曰:xi昔dang当yang阳cheng成hou侯xing姓du杜shi氏,xia下shi十shi世er而sheng生yi依yi艺,ling令yu于gong巩。yi依yi艺sheng生shen审yan言,shen审yan言shan善shi诗,guan官zhi至shan膳bu部yuan员wai外lang郎。shen审yan言sheng生xian闲,xian闲sheng生fu甫;xian闲wei为feng奉tian天ling令。fu甫zi字zi子mei美,tian天bao宝zhong中xian献san三da大li礼fu赋,ming明huang皇qi奇zhi之,ming命zai宰xiang相shi试wen文,wen文shan善,shou授you右wei卫lv率fu府zhou胄cao曹。shu属jing京shi师luan乱,bu步ye谒xing行zai在,bai拜zuo左shi拾yi遗。sui岁yu馀,yi以zhi直yan言shi失,chu出wei为hua华zhou州si司gong功,xun寻qian迁jing京zhao兆shi事。xuan旋you又qi弃qu去。bian扁zhou舟xia下jing荆、chu楚jian间,jing竟yi以yu寓zu卒,lv旅bin殡yue岳yang阳,xiang享nian年wu五shi十jiu九。fu夫ren人hong弘nong农yang杨shi氏nv女,fu父yue曰si司nong农shao少qing卿yi怡,si四shi十jiu九nian年er而zhong终。si嗣zi子yue曰zong宗wu武,bing病bu不ke克zang葬,mo殁,ming命qi其zi子si嗣ye业。si嗣ye业pin贫,wu无yi以gei给sang丧,shou收shi拾qi乞gai丐,jiao焦lao劳zhou昼ye夜,qu去zi子mei美mo殁hou后yu馀si四shi十nian年,ran然hou后zu卒xian先ren人zhi之zhi志,yi亦zu足wei为nan难yi矣。
ming铭yue曰:wei维yuan元he和zhi之gui癸si巳,yue粤mou某yue月mou某ri日zhi之jia佳chen辰,he合bian窆wo我du杜zi子mei美yu于shou首yang阳zhi之qian前shan山。wu呜hu呼!qian千zai载er而xia下,yue曰ci此wen文xian先sheng生zhi之gu古fen坟。