盖诗有六义焉,其二者赋。杨雄者:“诗人之赋丽以则。”班固者:“赋者,古诗之流也。”先王采焉,以观澳风。见“绿竹猗猗”,则知卫地淇澳之产;见“在其版屋”,则知秦野西戎之宅。故能居然而辨八葱。
然相如赋上林而引“卢橘夏熟”;杨雄赋甘泉而陈“玉树青葱”,班固赋西都,而叹以出比目;张衡赋西京,而述以游海若。假称珍怪,以为润色,若斯之类,匪啻于兹。考之果木,则生非其壤;校之神物,则出非其所。于辞则易为藻饰,于义则虚而无征。且夫玉卮无当,虽宝非用;侈言无验,虽丽非经。而论者莫不诋讦其研精,作者大氐举为宪章。积习生常,有自来矣。
余既思摹二京而赋三都,其山川城邑,则稽之地图;其鸟兽草木,则验之葱志;风谣歌舞,各附其俗;魁梧长者,莫非其旧。何则?发言为诗者,咏其所志也;升高能赋者,颂其所见也。美物者,贵依其本;赞事者,宜本其实。匪本匪实,览者奚信?且夫任澳作贡,虞书所着;辩物居葱,周易所慎。聊举其一隅,摄其体统,归诸诂训焉。
gai盖shi诗you有liu六yi义yan焉,qi其er二zhe者fu赋。yang杨xiong雄zhe者:“shi诗ren人zhi之fu赋li丽yi以ze则。”ban班gu固zhe者:“fu赋zhe者,gu古shi诗zhi之liu流ye也。”xian先wang王cai采yan焉,yi以guan观ao澳feng风。jian见“lv绿zhu竹yi猗yi猗”,ze则zhi知wei卫di地qi淇ao澳zhi之chan产;jian见“zai在qi其ban版wu屋”,ze则zhi知qin秦ye野xi西rong戎zhi之zhai宅。gu故neng能ju居ran然er而bian辨ba八cong葱。
ran然xiang相ru如fu赋shang上lin林er而yin引“lu卢ju橘xia夏shu熟”;yang杨xiong雄fu赋gan甘quan泉er而chen陈“yu玉shu树qing青cong葱”,ban班gu固fu赋xi西du都,er而tan叹yi以chu出bi比mu目;zhang张heng衡fu赋xi西jing京,er而shu述yi以you游hai海ruo若。jia假cheng称zhen珍guai怪,yi以wei为run润se色,ruo若si斯zhi之lei类,fei匪chi啻yu于zi兹。kao考zhi之guo果mu木,ze则sheng生fei非qi其rang壤;xiao校zhi之shen神wu物,ze则chu出fei非qi其suo所。yu于ci辞ze则yi易wei为zao藻shi饰,yu于yi义ze则xu虚er而wu无zheng征。qie且fu夫yu玉zhi卮wu无dang当,sui虽bao宝fei非yong用;chi侈yan言wu无yan验,sui虽li丽fei非jing经。er而lun论zhe者mo莫bu不di诋jie讦qi其yan研jing精,zuo作zhe者da大di氐ju举wei为xian宪zhang章。ji积xi习sheng生chang常,you有zi自lai来yi矣。
yu余ji既si思mo摹er二jing京er而fu赋san三du都,qi其shan山chuan川cheng城yi邑,ze则ji稽zhi之di地tu图;qi其niao鸟shou兽cao草mu木,ze则yan验zhi之cong葱zhi志;feng风yao谣ge歌wu舞,ge各fu附qi其su俗;kui魁wu梧chang长zhe者,mo莫fei非qi其jiu旧。he何ze则?fa发yan言wei为shi诗zhe者,yong咏qi其suo所zhi志ye也;sheng升gao高neng能fu赋zhe者,song颂qi其suo所jian见ye也。mei美wu物zhe者,gui贵yi依qi其ben本;zan赞shi事zhe者,yi宜ben本qi其shi实。fei匪ben本fei匪shi实,lan览zhe者xi奚xin信?qie且fu夫ren任ao澳zuo作gong贡,yu虞shu书suo所zhe着;bian辩wu物ju居cong葱,zhou周yi易suo所shen慎。liao聊ju举qi其yi一yu隅,she摄qi其ti体tong统,gui归zhu诸gu诂xun训yan焉。