臣窃惟陛下自践祚以来,亲事法宫之中,明见万里之外。发一政,用一人,无非出于独断;下至朝廷之小臣,郡县之琐政,一切上劳圣虑。虽陛下聪明天纵,不惮劳苦,而臣窃以为人主之职,本在于辨邪正,专委任,明政之大体,总权之大纲。而屑屑焉一事之必亲,臣恐天下有以妄议陛下之好详也。
自祖宗以来,军国大事,三省议定,面奏获旨。差除即以熟状进入,获可,始下中书造命,门下审读。有未当者,在中书则舍人封驳之,在门下则给事封驳之,始过尚书奉行。有未当者,侍从论思之,台谏劾举之。此所以立政之大体,总权之大纲。端拱于上而天下自治,用此道也。
今朝廷有一政事,而多出于御批;有一委任,而多出于特旨。使政事而皆善,委任而皆当,固足以彰陛下之圣德,而犹不免好详之名。万一不然,而徒使宰辅之避事者得用以借口,此臣爱君之心所不能以自已也。臣愿陛下操其要于上而分其详于下。凡一政事,一委任,必使三省审议取旨,不降御批,不出特旨,一切用祖宗上下相维之法。使权固在我,不蹈曩日专权之患。而怨有所归,无代大臣受怨之失。此臣所以为陛下愿之也。
臣闻之故老言,仁宗朝,有劝仁宗以收揽权柄,凡事皆从中出,勿令人臣弄威福。仁宗曰:“卿言固善,然措置天下事,正不欲专从朕出。若自朕出,皆是朕躬之过,不如付之公议,令宰相行之。行之而天下不以为便,则朕收之。”此仁宗之盛德也。陛下能法仁宗之盛德,则岂有好详之累哉!
chen臣qie窃wei惟bi陛xia下zi自jian践zuo祚yi以lai来,qin亲shi事fa法gong宫zhi之zhong中,ming明jian见wan万li里zhi之wai外。fa发yi一zheng政,yong用yi一ren人,wu无fei非chu出yu于du独duan断;xia下zhi至chao朝ting廷zhi之xiao小chen臣,jun郡xian县zhi之suo琐zheng政,yi一qie切shang上lao劳sheng圣lv虑。sui虽bi陛xia下cong聪ming明tian天zong纵,bu不dan惮lao劳ku苦,er而chen臣qie窃yi以wei为ren人zhu主zhi之zhi职,ben本zai在yu于bian辨xie邪zheng正,zhuan专wei委ren任,ming明zheng政zhi之da大ti体,zong总quan权zhi之da大gang纲。er而xie屑xie屑yan焉yi一shi事zhi之bi必qin亲,chen臣kong恐tian天xia下you有yi以wang妄yi议bi陛xia下zhi之hao好xiang详ye也。
zi自zu祖zong宗yi以lai来,jun军guo国da大shi事,san三sheng省yi议ding定,mian面zou奏huo获zhi旨。cha差chu除ji即yi以shu熟zhuang状jin进ru入,huo获ke可,shi始xia下zhong中shu书zao造ming命,men门xia下shen审du读。you有wei未dang当zhe者,zai在zhong中shu书ze则she舍ren人feng封bo驳zhi之,zai在men门xia下ze则gei给shi事feng封bo驳zhi之,shi始guo过shang尚shu书feng奉xing行。you有wei未dang当zhe者,shi侍cong从lun论si思zhi之,tai台jian谏he劾ju举zhi之。ci此suo所yi以li立zheng政zhi之da大ti体,zong总quan权zhi之da大gang纲。duan端gong拱yu于shang上er而tian天xia下zi自zhi治,yong用ci此dao道ye也。
jin今chao朝ting廷you有yi一zheng政shi事,er而duo多chu出yu于yu御pi批;you有yi一wei委ren任,er而duo多chu出yu于te特zhi旨。shi使zheng政shi事er而jie皆shan善,wei委ren任er而jie皆dang当,gu固zu足yi以zhang彰bi陛xia下zhi之sheng圣de德,er而you犹bu不mian免hao好xiang详zhi之ming名。wan万yi一bu不ran然,er而tu徒shi使zai宰fu辅zhi之bi避shi事zhe者de得yong用yi以jie借kou口,ci此chen臣ai爱jun君zhi之xin心suo所bu不neng能yi以zi自yi已ye也。chen臣yuan愿bi陛xia下cao操qi其yao要yu于shang上er而fen分qi其xiang详yu于xia下。fan凡yi一zheng政shi事,yi一wei委ren任,bi必shi使san三sheng省shen审yi议qu取zhi旨,bu不jiang降yu御pi批,bu不chu出te特zhi旨,yi一qie切yong用zu祖zong宗shang上xia下xiang相wei维zhi之fa法。shi使quan权gu固zai在wo我,bu不dao蹈nang曩ri日zhuan专quan权zhi之huan患。er而yuan怨you有suo所gui归,wu无dai代da大chen臣shou受yuan怨zhi之shi失。ci此chen臣suo所yi以wei为bi陛xia下yuan愿zhi之ye也。
chen臣wen闻zhi之gu故lao老yan言,ren仁zong宗chao朝,you有quan劝ren仁zong宗yi以shou收lan揽quan权bing柄,fan凡shi事jie皆cong从zhong中chu出,wu勿ling令ren人chen臣nong弄wei威fu福。ren仁zong宗yue曰:“qing卿yan言gu固shan善,ran然cuo措zhi置tian天xia下shi事,zheng正bu不yu欲zhuan专cong从zhen朕chu出。ruo若zi自zhen朕chu出,jie皆shi是zhen朕gong躬zhi之guo过,bu不ru如fu付zhi之gong公yi议,ling令zai宰xiang相xing行zhi之。xing行zhi之er而tian天xia下bu不yi以wei为bian便,ze则zhen朕shou收zhi之。”ci此ren仁zong宗zhi之sheng盛de德ye也。bi陛xia下neng能fa法ren仁zong宗zhi之sheng盛de德,ze则qi岂you有hao好xiang详zhi之lei累zai哉!