凡稻种最多。不粘者,禾曰稌,米曰粳。粘者,禾曰稌,米曰糯。(南方无粘黍,酒皆糯米所为)。质本粳而晚收带粘(俗名婺源光之类)不可为酒,只可为粥者,又一种性也。凡稻谷形有长芒、短芒、(江南名长芒者曰浏阳早,短芒者曰吉安早)。长粒、尖粒、圆顶、扁圆面不一,其中米色有雪白、牙黄、大赤、半紫、杂黑不一。
湿种之期,最早者春分以前,名为社种,(遇天寒有冻死不生者)。最迟者后于清明。凡播种,先以稻麦稿包浸数日,俟其生芽,撒于田中,生出寸许,其名曰秧。秧生三十日即拨起分栽。若田亩逢旱干、水溢,不可插秧。秧过期,老而长节,即栽于亩中,生谷数粒,结果而已。凡秧田一亩所生秧,供移栽二十五亩。
凡秧既分栽后,早者七十日即收获,(粳有救公饥、喉下急,糯有金包银之类,方语百千,不可殚述)。最迟者历夏及冬二百日方收获。其冬季播种、仲夏即收者,则广南之稻,地无霜雪故也。
凡稻句日失水,即愁旱干。夏种冬收之谷,必山间源水不绝之亩,其谷种亦耐久,其土脉亦寒,不催苗也。湖滨之田,待夏潦已过,六月方栽者,其秧立夏播种,撒藏高亩之上,以待时也。南方平原,田多一岁两栽两获者。其再栽秧,俗名晚糯,非粳类也。六月刈初禾,耕治老膏田,插再生秧。其秧清明时已偕早秧撒布。早秧一日无水即死,此秧历四五两月,任从烈日旱干无忧,此一异也。
凡再植稻遇秋多晴,则汲灌与稻相终始。农家勤苦,为春酒之需也。凡稻旬日失水则死期至,幻出旱稻一种,粳而不粘者,即高山可插,又一异也。香稻一种,取其芳气以供贵人,收实甚少,滋益全无,不足尚也。
fan凡dao稻zhong种zui最duo多。bu不zhan粘zhe者,he禾yue曰tu稌,mi米yue曰jing粳。zhan粘zhe者,he禾yue曰tu稌,mi米yue曰nuo糯。(nan南fang方wu无zhan粘shu黍,jiu酒jie皆nuo糯mi米suo所wei为)。zhi质ben本jing粳er而wan晚shou收dai带zhan粘(su俗ming名wu婺yuan源guang光zhi之lei类)bu不ke可wei为jiu酒,zhi只ke可wei为zhou粥zhe者,you又yi一zhong种xing性ye也。fan凡dao稻gu谷xing形you有chang长mang芒、duan短mang芒、(jiang江nan南ming名chang长mang芒zhe者yue曰liu浏yang阳zao早,duan短mang芒zhe者yue曰ji吉an安zao早)。chang长li粒、jian尖li粒、yuan圆ding顶、bian扁yuan圆mian面bu不yi一,qi其zhong中mi米se色you有xue雪bai白、ya牙huang黄、da大chi赤、ban半zi紫、za杂hei黑bu不yi一。
shi湿zhong种zhi之qi期,zui最zao早zhe者chun春fen分yi以qian前,ming名wei为she社zhong种,(yu遇tian天han寒you有dong冻si死bu不sheng生zhe者)。zui最chi迟zhe者hou后yu于qing清ming明。fan凡bo播zhong种,xian先yi以dao稻mai麦gao稿bao包jin浸shu数ri日,qi俟qi其sheng生ya芽,sa撒yu于tian田zhong中,sheng生chu出cun寸xu许,qi其ming名yue曰yang秧。yang秧sheng生san三shi十ri日ji即bo拨qi起fen分zai栽。ruo若tian田mu亩feng逢han旱gan干、shui水yi溢,bu不ke可cha插yang秧。yang秧guo过qi期,lao老er而chang长jie节,ji即zai栽yu于mu亩zhong中,sheng生gu谷shu数li粒,jie结guo果er而yi已。fan凡yang秧tian田yi一mu亩suo所sheng生yang秧,gong供yi移zai栽er二shi十wu五mu亩。
fan凡yang秧ji既fen分zai栽hou后,zao早zhe者qi七shi十ri日ji即shou收huo获,(jing粳you有jiu救gong公ji饥、hou喉xia下ji急,nuo糯you有jin金bao包yin银zhi之lei类,fang方yu语bai百qian千,bu不ke可dan殚shu述)。zui最chi迟zhe者li历xia夏ji及dong冬er二bai百ri日fang方shou收huo获。qi其dong冬ji季bo播zhong种、zhong仲xia夏ji即shou收zhe者,ze则guang广nan南zhi之dao稻,di地wu无shuang霜xue雪gu故ye也。
fan凡dao稻ju句ri日shi失shui水,ji即chou愁han旱gan干。xia夏zhong种dong冬shou收zhi之gu谷,bi必shan山jian间yuan源shui水bu不jue绝zhi之mu亩,qi其gu谷zhong种yi亦nai耐jiu久,qi其tu土mai脉yi亦han寒,bu不cui催miao苗ye也。hu湖bin滨zhi之tian田,dai待xia夏lao潦yi已guo过,liu六yue月fang方zai栽zhe者,qi其yang秧li立xia夏bo播zhong种,sa撒cang藏gao高mu亩zhi之shang上,yi以dai待shi时ye也。nan南fang方ping平yuan原,tian田duo多yi一sui岁liang两zai栽liang两huo获zhe者。qi其zai再zai栽yang秧,su俗ming名wan晚nuo糯,fei非jing粳lei类ye也。liu六yue月yi刈chu初he禾,geng耕zhi治lao老gao膏tian田,cha插zai再sheng生yang秧。qi其yang秧qing清ming明shi时yi已xie偕zao早yang秧sa撒bu布。zao早yang秧yi一ri日wu无shui水ji即si死,ci此yang秧li历si四wu五liang两yue月,ren任cong从lie烈ri日han旱gan干wu无you忧,ci此yi一yi异ye也。
fan凡zai再zhi植dao稻yu遇qiu秋duo多qing晴,ze则ji汲guan灌yu与dao稻xiang相zhong终shi始。nong农jia家qin勤ku苦,wei为chun春jiu酒zhi之xu需ye也。fan凡dao稻xun旬ri日shi失shui水ze则si死qi期zhi至,huan幻chu出han旱dao稻yi一zhong种,jing粳er而bu不zhan粘zhe者,ji即gao高shan山ke可cha插,you又yi一yi异ye也。xiang香dao稻yi一zhong种,qu取qi其fang芳qi气yi以gong供gui贵ren人,shou收shi实shen甚shao少,zi滋yi益quan全wu无,bu不zu足shang尚ye也。