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古人称周公吐握下士,而天下归心。惟周公则可,何也?文王之子,武王之弟,成王之叔父,于天下无嫌矣,故唯周公则可。禀上圣之姿,邪不得入,是以好士不为累也。汉武为戾太子立博望苑,使通宾客,多以异端进者。始皆欲招贤人,而天下贤人少,小人多,贤人难进,小人易合,难进者鸿冥,易合者胶固矣。何以知之?刘濞有枚乘、邹阳,不用其言,而应高、田禄伯为其羽翼;刘武有邹阳、韩安国,不用其谋,而羊胜、公孙诡为其腹心;刘安行阴德,好文辞,虽爱神仙黄白,未害为善,终以左吴伍被而败。以是而知虽骨肉之亲,非周公圣德,皆不可也。班固称“四豪者六国之罪人也”,今不复论矣。吕不韦习战国之馀风,陈豨值汉网之疏阔,逮乎魏其、武安,终以权势相倾,自武安之后,天子切齿,卫霍改节,则宾客之为害,固可知矣。公孙宏起客馆,开东阁,以延贤人,与参谋议,非也。然谓之贤侯非党附朝宰,交乱将相者矣。其时武帝躬亲万机,严明御下,人自守法,不敢为非,宰相惟有平津,政出一空(原注:出《吕览》),自然无倾夺之势,其宾客故人,不居显位,似未足为朝廷患也。然主父偃言“朔方地肥饶阻河,蒙恬筑城以逐匈奴,来胡之本”,公孙宏以为不可,朱买臣发十难,宏不能得其一。又奏人不得挟弓弩,吾邱寿王以为不便,上以难丞相,丞相诎服。则知平津之宾客,不及天子之近臣明矣,虽有宾客,何益于议谋哉?况世秉大政者,常不下三四人,而轻薄游相门,与柳槐齐列,所谋以倾夺为首,所议以势利为先,是以魏其、武安之徒,共成祸败,刘班、殷铁之客,不相往来。又役奸志献奇计者,导其邪径,苟合匪人,世道险巇,无不由此。昔汉武谓田鼢曰:“君除吏尽未?吾亦欲除吏。”哀帝责郑崇曰:“君门如市,何以欲禁切主上?”皆宾客之害也。馀谓丞相闭关谢绝宾客,则朝廷静矣。
gu古ren人cheng称zhou周gong公tu吐wo握xia下shi士,er而tian天xia下gui归xin心。wei惟zhou周gong公ze则ke可,he何ye也?wen文wang王zhi之zi子,wu武wang王zhi之di弟,cheng成wang王zhi之shu叔fu父,yu于tian天xia下wu无xian嫌yi矣,gu故wei唯zhou周gong公ze则ke可。bing禀shang上sheng圣zhi之zi姿,xie邪bu不de得ru入,shi是yi以hao好shi士bu不wei为lei累ye也。han汉wu武wei为li戾tai太zi子li立bo博wang望yuan苑,shi使tong通bin宾ke客,duo多yi以yi异duan端jin进zhe者。shi始jie皆yu欲zhao招xian贤ren人,er而tian天xia下xian贤ren人shao少,xiao小ren人duo多,xian贤ren人nan难jin进,xiao小ren人yi易he合,nan难jin进zhe者hong鸿ming冥,yi易he合zhe者jiao胶gu固yi矣。he何yi以zhi知zhi之?liu刘bi濞you有mei枚cheng乘、zou邹yang阳,bu不yong用qi其yan言,er而ying应gao高、tian田lu禄bo伯wei为qi其yu羽yi翼;liu刘wu武you有zou邹yang阳、han韩an安guo国,bu不yong用qi其mou谋,er而yang羊sheng胜、gong公sun孙gui诡wei为qi其fu腹xin心;liu刘an安xing行yin阴de德,hao好wen文ci辞,sui虽ai爱shen神xian仙huang黄bai白,wei未hai害wei为shan善,zhong终yi以zuo左wu吴wu伍bei被er而bai败。yi以shi是er而zhi知sui虽gu骨rou肉zhi之qin亲,fei非zhou周gong公sheng圣de德,jie皆bu不ke可ye也。ban班gu固cheng称“si四hao豪zhe者liu六guo国zhi之zui罪ren人ye也”,jin今bu不fu复lun论yi矣。lv吕bu不wei韦xi习zhan战guo国zhi之yu馀feng风,chen陈xi豨zhi值han汉wang网zhi之shu疏kuo阔,dai逮hu乎wei魏qi其、wu武an安,zhong终yi以quan权shi势xiang相qing倾,zi自wu武an安zhi之hou后,tian天zi子qie切chi齿,wei卫huo霍gai改jie节,ze则bin宾ke客zhi之wei为hai害,gu固ke可zhi知yi矣。gong公sun孙hong宏qi起ke客guan馆,kai开dong东ge阁,yi以yan延xian贤ren人,yu与can参mou谋yi议,fei非ye也。ran然wei谓zhi之xian贤hou侯fei非dang党fu附chao朝zai宰,jiao交luan乱jiang将xiang相zhe者yi矣。qi其shi时wu武di帝gong躬qin亲wan万ji机,yan严ming明yu御xia下,ren人zi自shou守fa法,bu不gan敢wei为fei非,zai宰xiang相wei惟you有ping平jin津,zheng政chu出yi一kong空(yuan原zhu注:chu出《lv吕lan览》),zi自ran然wu无qing倾duo夺zhi之shi势,qi其bin宾ke客gu故ren人,bu不ju居xian显wei位,shi似wei未zu足wei为chao朝ting廷huan患ye也。ran然zhu主fu父yan偃yan言“shuo朔fang方di地fei肥rao饶zu阻he河,meng蒙tian恬zhu筑cheng城yi以zhu逐xiong匈nu奴,lai来hu胡zhi之ben本”,gong公sun孙hong宏yi以wei为bu不ke可,zhu朱mai买chen臣fa发shi十nan难,hong宏bu不neng能de得qi其yi一。you又zou奏ren人bu不de得xie挟gong弓nu弩,wu吾qiu邱shou寿wang王yi以wei为bu不bian便,shang上yi以nan难cheng丞xiang相,cheng丞xiang相qu诎fu服。ze则zhi知ping平jin津zhi之bin宾ke客,bu不ji及tian天zi子zhi之jin近chen臣ming明yi矣,sui虽you有bin宾ke客,he何yi益yu于yi议mou谋zai哉?kuang况shi世bing秉da大zheng政zhe者,chang常bu不xia下san三si四ren人,er而qing轻bo薄you游xiang相men门,yu与liu柳huai槐qi齐lie列,suo所mou谋yi以qing倾duo夺wei为shou首,suo所yi议yi以shi势li利wei为xian先,shi是yi以wei魏qi其、wu武an安zhi之tu徒,gong共cheng成huo祸bai败,liu刘ban班、yin殷tie铁zhi之ke客,bu不xiang相wang往lai来。you又yi役jian奸zhi志xian献qi奇ji计zhe者,dao导qi其xie邪jing径,gou苟he合fei匪ren人,shi世dao道xian险xi巇,wu无bu不you由ci此。xi昔han汉wu武wei谓tian田fen鼢yue曰:“jun君chu除li吏jin尽wei未?wu吾yi亦yu欲chu除li吏。”ai哀di帝ze责zheng郑chong崇yue曰:“jun君men门ru如shi市,he何yi以yu欲jin禁qie切zhu主shang上?”jie皆bin宾ke客zhi之hai害ye也。yu馀wei谓cheng丞xiang相bi闭guan关xie谢jue绝bin宾ke客,ze则chao朝ting廷jing静yi矣。
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· 发布于 2026-10-18